Minérios

Minérios are naturally occurring solid substances from which a metal or valuable mineral can be profitably extracted. They are typically found in the Earth's crust and are formed through various geological processes over millions of years. The composition of a mineral ore is crucial, as it determines the economic viability of its extraction. Ores usually contain a valuable mineral associated with a large amount of waste material called gangue. The concentration of the valuable mineral within the ore is known as the ore grade, and higher grades generally make extraction more profitable.

The identification and extraction of ores have been fundamental to human civilization for millennia, enabling the development of tools, construction, and technology. Different types of ores are found in various geological environments. For example, some ores form from magmatic processes where molten rock cools and crystallizes, concentrating certain elements. Others are formed through hydrothermal processes, where hot, mineral-rich fluids circulate through rocks. Sedimentary processes can also lead to the formation of ore deposits, often through the weathering and transport of existing minerals.

The economic importance of an ore is determined not only by its grade but also by the cost of extraction and processing, as well as the market demand for the contained metal or mineral. Common examples of valuable ores include iron ore, copper ore, bauxite (for aluminum), gold ore, and uranium ore. The exploration and mining of these resources are significant global industries, often involving complex geological surveys, engineering, and environmental considerations.