Minimumsbehov

Minimumsbehov, literally “minimum needs,” is a concept used in sociology, economics, and public policy to refer to the set of conditions deemed necessary for an individual to live a basic, minimally decent life. The precise content of minimumsbehov varies across societies and historical periods, as climate, culture, and legal standards shape what is considered essential.

In practice, minimumsbehov covers the most basic material necessities, such as adequate food and clean water, safe shelter, clothing, basic health care and sanitation, and access to education. Many formulations also include basic social participation and a sense of security, autonomy, and belonging, recognizing that well-being extends beyond material goods. The concept is often used to define poverty lines or to establish a floor for social safety nets and welfare programs.

Measurement of minimumsbehov presents methodological challenges. Approaches include the cost-of-basic-needs method, which estimates the income required to meet essential consumption, and living-wage calculations that vary by locale. Critics argue that fixed thresholds may fail to capture cultural differences, changing needs, or non-material dimensions of well-being.

In policy debates, minimumsbehov serves as a reference point for assessing adequacy of incomes, housing standards, and access to services. It complements relative measures of poverty by focusing on absolute, universal needs that transcend income distribution. Related concepts include poverty line, living wage, and basic needs approach.