Minimalinvasiv

Minimalinvasiv, or minimally invasive, refers to medical techniques designed to minimize tissue disruption and promote faster recovery compared with traditional open procedures. These methods use small incisions, natural orifices, or image-guided access to diagnose or treat conditions while preserving surrounding anatomy.

Common approaches include laparoscopy, endoscopy, interventional radiology, robotic-assisted surgery, and other percutaneous techniques. Laparoscopy employs small ports and a camera to operate inside the abdomen or pelvis; endoscopy uses a scope passed through a natural opening; interventional radiology relies on imaging to guide needle- or catheter-based procedures; robotic systems assist with precision and visualization.

Advantages typically include smaller wounds, less blood loss, reduced pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker return to activities. Limitations include not being suitable for all conditions, longer operative times during the learning curve, higher equipment costs, and the need for specialized facilities and trained teams. In some cases a minimally invasive approach may require conversion to an open procedure.

Historically, minimally invasive techniques emerged from early endoscopy and gained widespread adoption with laparoscopic surgery in the late 20th century, followed by robotic and image-guided methods in the 21st century.

Outcomes are generally favorable for many procedures when performed appropriately, but depend on patient selection, disease, and surgeon experience, with ongoing evaluation of indications and comparative effectiveness against open surgery.