Mikroobväetised

Mikroobväetised, also known as microbial fertilizers or biofertilizers, are preparations containing living microorganisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promote growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. These microorganisms can be bacteria, fungi, or algae.

The primary mechanisms by which mikroobväetised enhance plant growth include nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and production of plant growth-promoting substances like hormones. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium and Azospirillum, convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, like Bacillus and Pseudomonas, release insoluble phosphate compounds in the soil, making them available for plant uptake. Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, extending their reach for water and nutrients, particularly phosphorus.

Mikroobväetised offer several advantages over conventional chemical fertilizers. They are environmentally friendly, reducing the risk of soil and water pollution and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions associated with chemical fertilizer production. They can also improve soil structure and health. However, their effectiveness can be influenced by various factors, including soil type, environmental conditions, and the specific crop. Widespread adoption requires careful selection of appropriate microbial strains and application methods. Research is ongoing to develop more robust and efficient biofertilizer formulations.