Microborers
Microborers are microscopic organisms that bore into hard, calcareous substrates such as carbonate rocks, mollusk shells, and coral skeletons. By forming tiny tunnels, they create microborings and establish endolithic communities that live inside solid substrates, contributing to the gradual weathering and weakening of the material.
Taxa involved include bacteria (notably cyanobacteria), fungi, and algae. A well-known endolithic alga is Ostreobium, which
Habitats and mechanisms: Microborers occur in marine and terrestrial settings where calcareous substrates are available. Colonization
Impact: Microboring contributes to bioerosion and influences carbonate budgets in reefs and rocky outcrops. In archaeology
Detection and study: Researchers use light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thin sections, and imaging techniques such