Metsaseaduse

Metsaseadus, or the Forest Act, is the primary Estonian law governing the management, protection, and use of forests. It provides the framework for sustainable forestry by balancing the economic use of forest resources with ecological protection and social considerations. The act applies to all forest land, including state, municipal, and private forests, and defines the rights and duties of forest owners and users.

Key provisions of Metsaseadus cover sustainable management, planning, and utilization of forests. It sets requirements for forest management planning and the oversight of forest operations, including harvesting, regeneration, and reforestation after felling. The act imposes obligations to protect soil, water bodies, and biodiversity, and it establishes standards for the protection of habitats and the long-term productivity of forest land. It also sets rules to prevent illegal logging, regulate the licensing and supervision of forest activities, and determine the responsibilities of forest owners, managers, and users.

Administration and enforcement are typically carried out by national and regional environmental authorities, with the act implemented in conjunction with related environmental and nature conservation laws. Metsaseadus interacts with EU forestry and nature protection directives, as Estonia aligns its national framework with broader environmental obligations.

The act aims to reconcile forest production with conservation goals, ensuring that forest resources remain usable for future generations while protecting ecological values and public interests. It forms part of Estonia’s broader environmental governance and is subject to amendments to reflect evolving policy priorities and scientific understanding.