Metallarten

Metallarten is a term used to refer to the various kinds of metals distinguished by their chemical composition, crystal structure, and physical properties. In industrial and scientific contexts, metals are broadly categorized into ferrous and non-ferrous groups, and further by whether they occur as native elements or as components of alloys.

Ferrous metals are primarily based on iron. They are often strong and durable, with varying degrees of hardness and magnetic properties. Common ferrous materials include carbon steel, stainless steel, and cast iron. Their versatility makes them central to construction, transportation, and machinery, while their susceptibility to corrosion in some environments drives the development of protective alloys and coatings.

Non-ferrous metals do not contain significant amounts of iron. This group includes aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, nickel, lead, titanium, and magnesium, among others. They typically offer advantages such as lighter weight, higher corrosion resistance, or superior electrical and thermal conductivity. Non-ferrous metals are widely used in electrical wiring, packaging, aerospace, consumer electronics, and renewable energy infrastructure.

Alloys are important subsets of metallarten, formed by combining metals to achieve desired properties. Examples include steel (iron with carbon and other elements), bronze (copper and tin), and brass (copper and zinc). Alloys often exhibit enhanced strength, hardness, or durability compared to their constituent metals.

Metallarten encompasses production and testing methods, including mining, ore processing, smelting, refining, and recycling. Environmental and economic considerations—such as resource availability, energy use, emissions, and the metals’ lifecycle—shape how different metallarten are valued and utilized in modern industry.