Merginae

Merginae is a subfamily of diving ducks within the family Anatidae. This subfamily primarily consists of species known for their specialized diving behaviors, often feeding on fish, crustaceans, and other aquatic invertebrates. The subfamily is characterized by adaptations for efficient underwater foraging, including dense plumage for insulation, strong legs positioned far back on their bodies for powerful propulsion, and often serrated bills that aid in gripping slippery prey.

The subfamily Merginae includes several distinct genera, such as Mergus (mergansers), Bucephala (goldeneyes and buffleheads), Clangula (eiders), and Somateria (scoters). While all members are diving ducks, there are variations in their specific feeding strategies and habitat preferences. For instance, mergansers are known for their fish-eating habits and typically possess a long, narrow bill with a hooked tip, while eiders are renowned for their down and primarily feed on mollusks.

The geographic distribution of Merginae species is largely Holarctic, with many found in the colder regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They often breed in freshwater environments, such as lakes and rivers, but many species migrate to coastal marine waters for the non-breeding season. Their ecological role is significant in aquatic ecosystems, influencing prey populations and contributing to nutrient cycling. Conservation concerns exist for some species due to habitat loss, pollution, and overhunting.