Meningokokk

Meningokokk is a type of bacteria that can cause a serious and potentially life-threatening infection of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. This infection, known as meningitis, typically occurs when the bacteria invade the cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the central nervous system.

Meningokokk is a Gram-negative diplococcus, meaning it has a distinctive pair of membrane-bound organelles called coccobacilli. There are several different species within the Neisseria meningitidis group that are capable of causing meningitis, but the most commonly implicated is serogroup A.

Meningitis caused by meningokokk is typically characterized by a rapid onset of symptoms, including fever, headache, stiff neck, and in some cases, seizures or loss of consciousness. The disease can progress rapidly and may become severe within a matter of hours if left untreated.

Infectious transmission occurs through direct contact with respiratory secretions or through vector contact. This typically involves contact with saliva, mucus, or other bodily fluids contaminated with the bacterial pathogens. Individuals are particularly susceptible to infection during periods of close contact such as in crowded environs or among close relatives.

While meningitis caused by meningokokk is relatively rare in developed countries, it remains a significant public health threat in many areas. Prevention methods include vaccination to protect against specific serotypes of the Neisseria meningitidis disease.