Memóriatípus

Memóriatípus refers to the fundamental categories or classifications of memory within cognitive psychology. These types are distinguished by their duration, capacity, and the way information is processed and retrieved.

One primary distinction is between short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory, also known as working memory, holds a limited amount of information for a brief period, typically seconds to minutes. It is actively used for tasks such as reasoning, comprehension, and learning. Long-term memory, in contrast, has a vast capacity and can store information for extended periods, from minutes to a lifetime.

Within long-term memory, further distinctions are made. Explicit or declarative memory refers to information that can be consciously recalled and verbalized. This includes episodic memory, which stores personal experiences and events, and semantic memory, which holds general knowledge and facts about the world. Implicit or non-declarative memory, on the other hand, is unconscious and influences behavior and performance without conscious awareness. This category includes procedural memory, responsible for skills and habits (like riding a bicycle), and priming, which is the enhanced ability to identify or process a stimulus due to prior exposure.

Another way to categorize memory is by its sensory basis, such as sensory memory, which is a fleeting, initial storage of sensory information from the environment. Iconic memory pertains to visual information, while echoic memory relates to auditory information. These sensory stores are extremely brief, lasting only fractions of a second to a few seconds, and act as a buffer before information is transferred to short-term memory if deemed important enough. Understanding these different memóriatípusok is crucial for comprehending how humans acquire, store, and recall information.