Membránelmélet

Membránelmélet, often translated as membrane theory, is a concept that appears in various scientific disciplines, particularly in biology and physics. In biology, it most commonly refers to the understanding of cell membranes. Cell membranes are the outer boundaries of cells and also enclose internal organelles. They are selectively permeable barriers composed primarily of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. This structure regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell, playing crucial roles in cell communication, signaling, and energy production. The fluid mosaic model is a prominent representation of this biological membrane theory, describing the membrane as a dynamic structure where components can move laterally.

In physics, particularly in cosmology and theoretical physics, "membrane theory" or "M-theory" refers to a hypothetical framework that attempts to unify all fundamental forces and particles in nature. M-theory posits the existence of higher dimensions beyond the familiar four (three spatial and one temporal). It suggests that fundamental objects are not point-like particles but rather extended objects called membranes, or "branes," which can have varying numbers of dimensions. This theory aims to reconcile quantum mechanics with general relativity and is a leading candidate for a "theory of everything." The specific nature and properties of these branes are still areas of active research and theoretical exploration.