Mehhanika

Mehhanika is the term used in several languages to denote the science of mechanics, the study of motion and the forces that produce or resist change in the state of a physical system. The word traces to Greek and Latin roots connected to devices and machines, and it appears in transliterations such as mekanika and mekhanika. In common usage, mehhanika encompasses the broad field, with specific branches named for their focus.

The field is typically divided into classical mechanics, which covers statics, dynamics, and kinematics of bodies. It also includes rigid-body and continuum mechanics, which analyze deformable and nondeformable materials. Broader perspectives include statistical mechanics, important for systems with many particles at finite temperatures, and, in the broader sense, quantum mechanics as a separate but related theory of motion at the smallest scales. In modern practice, computational mechanics uses numerical methods to model complex systems.

Historically, mechanics traces to early ideas about motion and force in ancient civilizations, followed by advances during the Scientific Revolution, with Isaac Newton formulating laws of motion. Later contributions by Euler, Lagrange, and Hamilton consolidated analytical approaches, while the 19th and 20th centuries saw the development of continuum mechanics and computational methods, expanding the reach of mehhanika into engineering and science.

Applications of mehhanika span engineering, aerospace, civil and mechanical design, robotics, biomechanics, and computer graphics. It provides foundational tools for predicting how structures respond to loads, how mechanisms operate, and how systems behave under diverse conditions. The field continues to evolve through interdisciplinary work and numerical simulation.