Mediterránea

Mediterrânea is the Portuguese term for the Mediterranean, referring to both the Mediterranean Sea and the surrounding geographic and cultural region. The expression can denote the body of water that lies between Europe, Africa and Asia, as well as the coastal lands and cultures that border its shores.

Geographically, the Mediterranean Sea is a semi‑enclosed sea bordered by southern Europe, northern Africa and the Levant. It connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar and to the Black Sea via the Dardanelles and Bosporus. Its coastlines, islands and inlets host a variety of landscapes, climates and human settlements that have shaped regional history for millennia.

Climate and biodiversity are notable features of Mediterrânea. The region commonly experiences a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Native flora often includes evergreen, drought‑adapted vegetation such as sclerophyllous shrubs and olive trees. The area supports diverse marine and terrestrial life, but biodiversity is increasingly challenged by urbanization, pollution, overfishing and climate change.

Historically, Mediterrânea has been described as a cradle of ancient civilizations and a crossroads of commerce, ideas and cultures. From ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Levant to Greek, Roman and later European civilizations, the sea facilitated trade, exchange, art and scientific advances, leaving a lasting imprint on languages, law, cuisine and architecture.

Economically, the Mediterrânea remains important for tourism, shipping, fishing and agriculture (notably olives, grapes, citrus and almonds). Environmental pressures—water scarcity, habitat loss, invasive species and pollution—require coordinated management to preserve the region’s cultural and natural heritage.