Mauerwerk

Mauerwerk, the German term for masonry, is a building technique that uses individual units bound by mortar to create walls and other structures. It encompasses brick masonry (Ziegel), stone masonry (Natur- oder Bruchstein), and concrete block masonry. It can be load-bearing, transferring structural loads, or non-load-bearing, serving as a façade, partition, or decorative element. Masonry is valued for durability, fire resistance, and thermal mass.

Materials and mortars: The units include fired bricks, natural stone blocks, and concrete blocks. Mortars range from traditional lime-based mixes to modern cementitious formulations. Joints can be flush, raked, or weathered, and various bond patterns—such as running, Flemish, and English bonds—affect strength and appearance. In addition to solid masonry, cavity walls use two leaves separated by an air or insulation gap.

Construction and design: Solid masonry relies on interlocking units to transfer loads, while cavity or veneer schemes reduce thermal bridging and allow different facing materials. Reinforced masonry adds steel reinforcement or fibers for tensile strength. Proper workmanship, mortar curing, and joint detailing influence durability. Architectural expressions include ashlar (smooth-cut blocks) and rustication, as well as decorative patterns.

History and use: Mauerwerk has ancient origins and has evolved with kiln-fired bricks and cement. It remains widespread in historic restoration and modern construction alike. Maintenance focuses on moisture control, damp-proofing, and addressing efflorescence. When designed with appropriate insulation and detailing, masonry can contribute to energy efficiency and long service life.