Masseformering

Masseformering (engelsk: mass formation) refers to a process whereby individuals in a population increasingly identify with and act as part of a large, cohesive group, often around a shared focus, event, or narrative. The term is used in sociology and social psychology to describe how crowds or large collectives can emerge and synchronize thoughts, emotions, and actions.

Overview

The phenomenon involves a shift from individual agency to collective behavior, with heightened emotional arousal, reduced self-awareness, and conformity to group norms. Triggers often include collective threat, ambiguity, or crisis, which concentrate attention on a focal point such as a leader, issue, or symbol. Communication through media and social networks can accelerate the alignment of attention and emotion, fostering a sense of shared identity and belonging.

Theoretical perspectives

Masseformering is discussed within the frameworks of crowd psychology, social identity theory, emergent norms, and contagion dynamics. Key ideas emphasize the role of shared attention, perceived legitimacy of leadership, social isolation or uncertainty, and the use of rituals and symbolism to reinforce group cohesion.

Criticism and limitations

The concept lacks a universally agreed-upon operational definition and has been criticized for vagueness and potential overgeneralization. Empirical support is mixed, and some scholars argue that phenomena labeled as mass formation are better understood through established theories of collective behavior, crowd dynamics, or social contagion.

Examples and scope

Mass gatherings, political protests, and online mobilization can illustrate aspects of masseformering, though not all crowd events fulfill its criteria. The concept is often discussed in debates about how large groups coordinate attention and action in contemporary society.

See also: crowd psychology, mob mentality, collective behavior, social contagion, deindividuation.