Martinique

Martinique is an island territory in the Caribbean that forms an overseas department and territorial collectivity of France. It is part of the Lesser Antilles, located in the eastern Caribbean Sea, north of Saint Lucia and south of Dominica. The island covers about 1,128 square kilometers and has a population of roughly 375,000. The capital and largest city is Fort-de-France.

Geography and environment: The island’s highest point is Mount Pelée, at about 1,397 meters. Martinique features volcanic geology, tropical forests, and a variety of coastal landscapes. The climate is tropical and humid, with a dry season in the winter months. The natural environment includes rainforest areas, coral reefs, and a range of endemic flora and fauna.

History: The island was originally inhabited by the Arawak and Carib peoples. It was colonized by France in the 17th century and developed as a major sugar colony using enslaved labor. Saint-Pierre was destroyed by the 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée, which killed thousands. In 1946 Martinique became an overseas department of France. Since 2015 it has been governed as a single territorial collectivity, the Collectivité Territoriale de Martinique, with a local assembly and a prefect representing the central government.

Economy and society: The economy blends agriculture (notably bananas and rum) with tourism and services. The island uses the euro; French is the official language, while Martinican Creole is widely spoken. The culture reflects a mix of African, European, East Indian, and Indigenous influences in music, cuisine, and Carnival traditions.

Transport and sites: The Aimé Césaire International Airport serves the island, along with a major port at Fort-de-France. Notable attractions include Montagne Pelée, Saint-Pierre’s volcanic landscape, the Caravelle Peninsula, and abundant beaches and rainforests.