Manóza

Manóza is a simple sugar, or monosaccharide, with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆. It belongs to the hexose group, meaning it contains six carbon atoms, and is classified as an aldohexose due to its aldehyde functional group. Structurally, manóza is an epimer of glucose, differing only in the configuration at the carbon-2 position. This subtle difference influences its biological roles and chemical behavior.

Manóza is commonly found in nature, particularly in plant polysaccharides such as mannans and galactomannans, which are components of cell walls in organisms like algae and some bacteria. It also plays a role in glycoproteins and glycolipids, where it may be attached to proteins or lipids via glycosidic bonds. In humans, manóza is involved in protein folding and quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is part of the N-linked glycosylation process.

Chemically, manóza can be isolated from sources such as ivory nut (Phytelephas macrocarpa) seeds, where it forms part of the polysaccharide mannan. It can be synthesized or derived from other sugars through enzymatic or chemical modifications. In laboratory settings, manóza is often used as a building block in the synthesis of more complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates.

While manóza is not a primary energy source for humans, it is metabolized similarly to glucose through glycolysis, though its occurrence in the diet is limited. Some dietary supplements and functional foods incorporate manóza or mannose-containing compounds, often marketed for potential immune support or joint health benefits, though scientific evidence supporting these claims remains mixed. Overall, manóza serves as an important structural and functional component in biological systems.