Malsanoj

In Esperanto, malsanoj is the term for diseases or illnesses. The word is formed from sano, health, with the prefix mal-, which creates an opposite or negative meaning. Thus malsano refers to a disease or health problem in the singular, and malsanoj is the plural form.

Malsanoj covers a broad range of health problems, including infectious diseases, noncommunicable conditions, genetic disorders, and mental health issues, as well as temporary illnesses and chronic disabilities. The category is used in medical literature, public health discussions, and education to describe the burden of disease and the need for prevention and care.

Prevention and treatment are central considerations when discussing malsanoj. Strategies commonly described include vaccination, hygiene and sanitation, disease surveillance, screening and early diagnosis, access to medical care, and evidence-based treatment. Public health aims to reduce the incidence and impact of malsanoj through prevention, health promotion, and equitable health services.

Relationship to health language: malsanoj is the counterpart of sano, used in contrast to health and well-being. In Esperanto discourse, terms such as malsanoj and sano appear in health education, policy, and scientific texts. The term is widely understood among Esperanto speakers and is used in international medical and educational contexts.