MalloryWeisLäsionen

Mallory-Weiss-Läsionen, also known as Mallory-Weiss syndrome, describes a condition characterized by tears in the mucous membrane or the lining of the lower end of the esophagus, often accompanied by bleeding. These lesions can also occur in the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine, as well as elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. However, they are most frequently seen at the interface between the esophagus and the stomach.

This condition is often associated with intense or prolonged vomiting, retching, or coughing. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stress from significant events, such as major surgery, can also contribute to the development of these lesions. While there are various theories about the pathogenesis of Mallory-Weiss-Läsionen, the exact mechanisms are still not fully understood.

Mallory-Weiss-Läsionen are typically detected through endoscopy, which allows doctors to visualize the lesions directly. Common symptoms include vomiting blood (hematemesis), bleeding per rectum (melena), and esophageal obstruction. Treatment options depend on the severity of the lesions and the symptoms presented, ranging from observation to conservative management with medication to invasive procedures, such as esophageal stenting.

Complications, though rare, can include pneumomediastinum, severe bleeding, and even death. A significantponent of proper management is monitoring the lesion over time and preventing complications. In some cases, bleeding can recur, necessitating repeat endoscopy to remove any remaining damaged tissue.