Makropinoosi
Makropinoosi, or macropinocytosis, is a form of endocytosis in which a cell internalizes extracellular fluid and soluble molecules through large vesicles called macropinosomes. It is energy-dependent and occurs in many cell types, most prominently in macrophages, dendritic cells, and some cancer cells. Unlike receptor-mediated uptake, macropinocytosis is largely non-specific and does not require clathrin or caveolin.
The process begins with actin-driven membrane ruffling at the cell surface, forming large, cup-like protrusions that
Regulation involves signaling pathways that activate actin remodeling, including Rac1 and other Rho-family GTPases and phosphoinositide
Physiological and pathological roles include antigen uptake and presentation by dendritic cells and macrophages, immune surveillance,
Macropinocytosis is distinct from phagocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis in its size scale, non-specific cargo uptake, and