Maincrop

Maincrop is a term used in agriculture and horticulture to describe the primary crop grown on a field during a given growing season, intended for the main harvest and sale. It is used to distinguish the principal harvest from other plantings in a rotation, such as catch crops, cover crops, or short-term crops. The concept emphasizes the central role of the crop in farm planning, soil fertility management, and market timing.

In arable farming, cereals such as wheat, barley, and maize are commonly grown as maincrop crops in suitable regions. Root crops like potatoes, carrots, and beets may also be designated as maincrop when they are grown for high-yield, long-season harvest. In potato production, maincrop refers specifically to late-maturing varieties that are planted in spring and harvested in autumn for storage, as opposed to earlies or second earlies, which are harvested earlier. The choice between maincrop and earlier harvests affects storage requirements, market timing, and risk management.

Managing a maincrop involves crop-rotation planning, soil fertility management, pest and disease control, and careful irrigation or moisture management. Post-harvest handling is particularly important for maincrop crops that are stored, such as potatoes, where curing, temperature control, and humidity influence shelf life. Economic considerations include expected yield and price, storage costs, and climate variability.

Regional usage of the term varies. In Europe, especially among potato producers, maincrop is a common designation for the primary, long-season harvest, whereas in broader agronomy the term may refer to the principal crop of a rotation without specifying a species.