Magnolia

Magnolia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Magnoliaceae, comprising deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs. Native to subtropical and temperate regions of Asia and the Americas, magnolias are prized for their large, fragrant blossoms and glossy foliage. Species range from small shrubs to substantial trees, with some reaching more than 20 meters in height.

Leaves are typically simple, alternately arranged, and often large with smooth margins. Flowers are usually solitary or in small clusters, featuring numerous tepals that surround a central pistil. Colors span white, pink, purple, and yellow, and many species bloom in early spring. The fruit is a cone-like aggregate that forms from the flower receptacle and contains red to orange seeds that mature in late summer to autumn.

Systematics and notable species: Magnolia belongs to the primitive angiosperm lineage Magnoliaceae. The genus includes widely grown taxa such as Magnolia grandiflora (southern magnolia), Magnolia stellata (star magnolia), Magnolia denudata, and the hybrid Magnolia × soulangeana (saucer magnolia), which is a cross between M. liliiflora and M. denudata. These taxa are popular as ornamentals in temperate and subtropical gardens.

Cultivation and uses: Magnolias are cultivated as landscape trees and ornamental shrubs for their showy flowers and fragrance. They prefer full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil; many tolerate a range of soil pH but perform best in slightly acidic to neutral conditions. Some species are sensitive to transplanting and late frosts. The genus is named in honor of Pierre Magnol, a French botanist, and has a long history in horticulture and landscape design.