Magnetometryðum

Magnetometry is a non-invasive geophysical technique used to detect and map variations in the Earth's magnetic field. These variations are caused by differences in the magnetic properties of subsurface materials, such as rocks and man-made objects. Essentially, magnetometry measures the strength and direction of the magnetic field at various points to create a map.

The primary tool used in magnetometry is the magnetometer, which can measure very small changes in the magnetic field. Different types of magnetometers exist, including fluxgate magnetometers and proton precession magnetometers, each with its own strengths and sensitivities. Data collected by these instruments is processed and interpreted to identify anomalies.

These anomalies can indicate the presence of a variety of subsurface features. For instance, in archaeology, magnetometry is used to locate buried structures like hearths, kilns, ditches, and even ancient walls, as these features often have different magnetic susceptibilities compared to the surrounding soil. In mineral exploration, it helps identify ore bodies that possess strong magnetic properties, such as those containing iron ore. It also plays a role in environmental studies for detecting buried pipelines, unexploded ordnance, or contaminated soil. The depth and size of the anomaly, along with the nature of the magnetic source, are key factors in interpreting the data.