Macrurus

Macrurus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Macruridae. It is the only genus in the family Macruridae. The genus Macrurus is distributed in the Southern Ocean, with the greatest diversity in the waters surrounding Antarctica. These fish are known for their elongated bodies, which can reach up to 1.5 meters in length, and their large mouths filled with sharp teeth. They are predatory, feeding on a variety of prey including krill, fish, and squid.

The genus Macrurus includes several species, the most well-known of which is Macrurus novaeangliae, commonly known as the Antarctic toothfish. This species is of significant commercial importance, particularly in the Southern Ocean. The fish is prized for its white, firm flesh and is often canned or frozen for consumption. The fishing industry for Antarctic toothfish is highly regulated due to the species' importance to the ecosystem and the need to maintain sustainable fishing practices.

Another notable species is Macrurus berglandi, which is found in the waters around the Kerguelen Islands and the Crozet Islands. This species is also commercially important and is known for its high oil content, which makes it valuable for both human consumption and as a source of fish oil.

Macrurus fish are known for their ability to dive to great depths, with some species capable of reaching depths of over 1,000 meters. This deep-sea adaptation is accompanied by physiological changes, including the ability to tolerate high pressures and low temperatures. The genus Macrurus plays a crucial role in the Southern Ocean ecosystem, serving as both predator and prey, and helping to maintain the balance of the marine food web.