Maaperätiiviöityminen

Maaperätiiviöityminen, also known as soil compaction, is a process where soil particles are pressed into a closer arrangement, reducing the pore space between them. This occurs due to mechanical forces, such as the passage of heavy machinery, livestock, or even foot traffic, especially on moist soil.

The primary consequence of soil compaction is a decrease in the soil's porosity. This reduced pore space limits the movement of air and water within the soil profile. Consequently, aeration and drainage can be severely impaired, creating anaerobic conditions that are detrimental to plant roots and soil organisms. Water infiltration rates also decrease, leading to increased surface runoff and a higher risk of soil erosion.

Compaction makes it harder for plant roots to penetrate the soil, hindering nutrient and water uptake. This can result in stunted plant growth, reduced crop yields, and increased susceptibility to drought stress. Soil organisms, such as earthworms and beneficial microbes, also suffer from reduced oxygen and altered moisture regimes, impacting soil health and fertility.

Management practices aimed at preventing or alleviating soil compaction include minimizing traffic on wet soils, using low-ground-pressure vehicles, implementing controlled traffic farming, and incorporating organic matter to improve soil structure. Deep ripping or subsoiling can be used to break up compacted layers, though this is an energy-intensive process. Understanding and managing soil compaction is crucial for maintaining healthy agricultural land, forests, and other ecosystems.