MRItehnoloogias

MRItehnoloogias refers to the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems in medical diagnostics. MRI operates on the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance, where hydrogen nuclei in the body align with a strong external magnetic field. Radiofrequency pulses then disturb this alignment, and the subsequent relaxation of the nuclei emits signals that are detected and transformed into detailed images of soft tissues. The technology relies on three core components: a powerful magnet, gradient coils to spatially encode the signal, and radiofrequency coils that transmit and receive the signals. Modern scanners use superconducting magnets that maintain a stable field at low temperatures, enabling high resolution and faster scan times.

Clinical applications cover a broad spectrum, including brain, spinal cord, musculoskeletal, and abdominal imaging. The ability to visualize organ structure and function without ionising radiation makes MRI a valuable tool for diagnosing conditions such as tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and joint injuries. Advanced techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provide additional information on neural activity, white matter tracts, and metabolic profiles, respectively.

Safety considerations in MRI include the strong magnetic field, which can attract ferromagnetic objects, and radiofrequency heating effects. The magnetic field can also affect implanted medical devices, necessitating specific safety protocols. Recent developments focus on reducing pulse sequence durations, improving patient comfort, and integrating artificial intelligence for image reconstruction, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy and workflow efficiency.