MMMCMXLIX

MMMCMXLIX is the Roman numeral for the decimal number 3949. It is constructed from MMM (3000), CM (900), XL (40), and IX (9), which sum to 3949. The numeral uses subtractive notation for CM, XL, and IX, a convention that avoids certain repeated symbols.

Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and were widely used in Europe through the Middle Ages. In modern contexts they appear primarily for stylistic purposes on clock faces, monuments, book chapters, and occasionally for year designations. The conventional form expresses numbers up to 3999 without additional notation; larger values in historical or specialized usage often rely on overlines or other conventions to indicate thousands. As a year, MMMCMXLIX would denote the year 3949 CE.

In arithmetic terms, 3949 factors as 11 × 359, so it is not a prime number. The representation MMMCMXLIX is therefore a valid and standard form within the traditional Roman numeral system and may be encountered in historical texts, educational materials, or puzzles that involve Roman numerals.