MCp2

MCP-2, short for Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-2, is a member of the CC chemokine family and is encoded by the CCL8 gene in humans. It is a small secreted protein that plays a role in immune surveillance and inflammatory responses by guiding the movement of leukocytes to sites of injury or infection.

Expression of MCP-2 is widespread and can be induced in various cell types, including monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells. Its production is upregulated by inflammatory stimuli such as bacterial components and proinflammatory cytokines, contributing to the recruitment of immune cells during acute and chronic inflammation.

Functionally, MCP-2 acts as a chemoattractant for monocytes and can attract other leukocytes, including certain T lymphocytes and eosinophils, depending on the tissue context. Beyond chemotaxis, it can influence leukocyte activation and adhesion, and may participate in processes of tissue remodeling and angiogenesis in some settings.

Receptor interactions for MCP-2 involve multiple CC chemokine receptors. It has been reported to bind receptors such as CCR1 and CCR3, with potential involvement of additional receptors in particular tissues or species. The signaling pathways triggered by MCP-2 lead to intracellular responses that promote cell migration and activation.

Clinically, MCP-2 expression is altered in a variety of inflammatory and infectious conditions, and its levels have been explored as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target in diseases such as asthma, inflammatory arthritis, and tumor microenvironments. As with other chemokines, the precise role of MCP-2 can be context-dependent, varying with tissue type, disease state, and the broader chemokine milieu.