Märkäfresco

Märkäfresco, often referred to as true fresco or buon fresco, is a mural painting technique where pigments, typically ground with water, are applied to wet lime plaster. The key characteristic of this method is that the pigments chemically bind with the plaster as it dries, becoming an integral part of the wall itself. This process creates a durable and long-lasting artwork.

The preparation of the wall is crucial for märkäfresco. A series of plaster layers are applied, with the final layer, known as the *intonaco*, being the surface for painting. This layer must remain wet throughout the painting process. Artists work section by section, applying paint before the plaster dries, a process called *giornata*. If the plaster dries before the artist finishes a section, that area must be scraped away and replastered.

The pigments used in märkäfresco are mineral-based and must be compatible with the alkaline lime plaster. Common pigments include ochres, umbers, and azurite. Organic binders are generally avoided as they can degrade over time in the alkaline environment. The finished märkäfresco is known for its matte finish and vibrant, stable colors. This technique has a long history, dating back to ancient civilizations, and was prominently used during the Renaissance by artists like Michelangelo and Raphael.