Lökéshullámot

Lökéshullámot, also known as seismic waves, are vibrations generated by the sudden breaking of rock within the Earth or an explosion. They are studied by geophysicists to understand the Earth's interior and to monitor volcanic and seismic activity. Seismic waves can be categorized into two main types: body waves and surface waves.

Body waves travel through the Earth's interior and are further classified into P-waves (primary waves) and S-waves (secondary waves). P-waves are compressional waves that can travel through solids, liquids, and gases, while S-waves are shear waves that can only travel through solids. The speed of these waves depends on the material they are traveling through, with P-waves generally being faster than S-waves.

Surface waves, on the other hand, travel along the Earth's surface and are responsible for the majority of the damage caused by earthquakes. They include Love waves and Rayleigh waves. Love waves are horizontal shear waves that cause horizontal shifting of the ground, while Rayleigh waves are a combination of compressional and shear waves that cause both vertical and horizontal movement.

Seismic waves are recorded by seismometers, which measure the ground motion caused by the waves. The data collected from seismometers is used to create seismograms, which provide valuable information about the source of the seismic activity and the structure of the Earth. By analyzing the arrival times and amplitudes of seismic waves, scientists can determine the location, depth, and magnitude of earthquakes, as well as study the Earth's internal structure.