Líkamsfrumur

Líkamsfrumur, also known as somatic cells, are any biological cells forming all the body of a multicellular organism other than gametes, germ cells, gametocytes or undifferentiated stem cells. They are diploid, meaning they contain two complete sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent. This contrasts with gametes (sperm and egg cells), which are haploid and contain only one set of chromosomes.

The development of a multicellular organism begins with a single fertilized egg, or zygote. This zygote undergoes numerous mitotic divisions, with each daughter cell becoming a specialized líkamsfrumur. Through a process called differentiation, these cells acquire specific structures and functions, leading to the formation of tissues, organs, and ultimately, a complete organism. Examples of líkamsfrumur include muscle cells, nerve cells, skin cells, and bone cells.

Líkamsfrumur play a vital role in maintaining the body's structure and function. They are responsible for carrying out all the metabolic processes necessary for life, such as energy production, nutrient transport, and waste removal. The genetic information contained within the nucleus of líkamsfrumur dictates the organism's traits and characteristics. While líkamsfrumur undergo mitosis for growth and repair, they are generally not involved in sexual reproduction. Mutations in líkamsfrumur can lead to various conditions, including cancer, but these mutations are typically not passed on to offspring.