Lífsferilsgreiningu

Lífsferilsgreiningu, or Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), is a systematic methodology for evaluating the environmental impacts of a product, process, or service throughout its entire life cycle. This encompasses all stages, from raw material extraction, manufacturing, distribution, and use, to its eventual end-of-life disposal or recycling. The primary goal of LCA is to identify and quantify the environmental burdens associated with each life cycle stage, providing a holistic understanding of a product's environmental footprint.

The process typically involves several key steps. First, the goal and scope of the study are defined, outlining what is being analyzed and the boundaries of the system. Second, an inventory analysis is conducted to collect data on all relevant inputs (e.g., energy, water, raw materials) and outputs (e.g., emissions to air, water, and soil, waste) for each life cycle stage. Third, an impact assessment translates these inventory data into potential environmental impacts, such as global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, and resource depletion. Finally, an interpretation of the results is made, allowing for informed decision-making regarding product design, material selection, and process improvements to minimize environmental harm. LCA is a valuable tool for environmental management, policy development, and promoting sustainable consumption and production.