Lézerdeszorpióionizáció

Laser-induced dissociation ionization, often referred to by its Hungarian abbreviation lézerdeszorpióionizáció, is a process where a laser pulse is used to both desorb and ionize molecules from a surface. This technique is particularly useful for analyzing complex samples, including biological materials and polymers, in a vacuum environment.

The process typically begins with a laser pulse, often a nanosecond or picosecond pulsed laser, focused onto the sample surface. The energy from the laser causes a rapid heating of the surface layer, leading to the desorption of intact molecules. Simultaneously, or immediately following desorption, another laser pulse, or even the same pulse with a modified wavelength or intensity, interacts with the desorbed molecules. This secondary interaction provides the energy necessary to ionize the molecules, making them detectable by mass spectrometry.

Lézerdeszorpióionizáció offers several advantages. It is a "soft" ionization technique, meaning it is less likely to cause extensive fragmentation of the analyte molecules, preserving their structural integrity for analysis. This allows for the determination of molecular weight and the identification of intact molecular species. The technique is also capable of analyzing non-volatile and thermally labile compounds that might be difficult to ionize using other methods. Its application spans fields such as materials science, environmental analysis, and proteomics.