Lépésválasz

Lépésválasz is a Hungarian term that translates to "step response" in English. It is a fundamental concept in control theory and systems analysis, referring to the output of a dynamic system when subjected to a step input. A step input is a sudden, instantaneous change in the input signal from one steady state to another, typically from zero to a constant non-zero value.

The step response characterizes how a system behaves over time when it is perturbed from its equilibrium. It provides crucial information about the system's stability, speed of response, and presence of oscillations. Key features observed in a step response include the transient behavior, such as rise time, settling time, overshoot, and steady-state error. The rise time indicates how quickly the system's output reaches a certain percentage of its final value. Settling time measures how long it takes for the output to settle within a specified tolerance band around the final value. Overshoot quantifies the extent to which the output exceeds its final value before settling. Steady-state error is the difference between the system's final output value and the desired input value.

Analyzing the step response is a common method for understanding and designing control systems. By observing how a system reacts to a step input, engineers can tune controller parameters to achieve desired performance characteristics. For example, a system with excessive overshoot might require adjustments to reduce oscillations, while a system with a slow rise time might need to be made faster. The step response is a powerful tool for both theoretical analysis and practical system tuning.