Läpimenojännitteen

"Läpimenojännitteen" is a Finnish term that translates to "breakthrough voltage" in English. It refers to the minimum voltage at which a dielectric material loses its insulating properties and begins to conduct electricity. This phenomenon is crucial in understanding the limitations of insulators and is a key parameter in the design of electrical devices and systems.

The breakthrough voltage is influenced by several factors, including the type of dielectric material, its thickness, the shape and spacing of electrodes, temperature, humidity, and the presence of impurities or defects. For gases, the breakdown voltage is also dependent on pressure and the distance between electrodes, as described by Paschen's Law.

When the applied voltage exceeds the breakthrough voltage, a rapid increase in current occurs, often leading to the destruction of the insulating material through processes like electrical discharge, arcing, or thermal runaway. Therefore, engineers must ensure that operating voltages remain well below the breakthrough voltage to maintain the integrity and safety of electrical equipment.

Breakthrough voltage is a critical specification for a wide range of applications, from high-voltage power transmission lines to semiconductor devices. It dictates the maximum voltage that can be safely applied across an insulator without causing failure. Understanding and accurately determining the breakthrough voltage is essential for reliable and safe electrical engineering design.