Lysinibacillus

Lysinibacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria in the family Bacillaceae. Members are commonly environmental organisms recovered from soil and water, and some species are studied for biotechnological or biocontrol applications. The genus was established in 2007 to reclassify several Bacillus species that share distinct phenotypic and molecular characteristics, including Lysinibacillus fusiformis and Lysinibacillus sphaericus.

Morphology and physiology considerations include straight to slightly curved rods that form central or subterminal endospores. Most species are motile with flagella and are catalase-positive, typically exhibiting aerobic or facultatively anaerobic metabolism. Like other Bacillales, they are resilient in harsh conditions due to endospore formation.

Ecology and notable species: L. sphaericus is best known for its mosquitocidal activity, producing Bin toxins that target mosquito larvae and have been used in biological control programs. L. fusiformis is commonly isolated from soil and has been reported as an opportunistic pathogen in rare human or animal infections. The genus contains additional species with diverse ecological roles, including enzyme production and biodegradation capabilities.

Applications and relevance: Lysinibacillus species contribute to environmental processes and biocontrol research. Some strains are investigated for industrial enzymes, while others serve as models for studying endospore formation and Bacillaceae biology. In clinical contexts, Lysinibacillus species are generally considered environmental organisms with the potential for opportunistic infections in susceptible individuals, rather than primary pathogens.

See also: Bacillus, Bacillaceae.