Loogikavärav

A loogikavärav, or logic gate in English, is a fundamental building block of digital circuits. It is an electronic device that performs a basic logical function on one or more binary inputs and produces a single binary output. The output is solely determined by the present state of its inputs. Logic gates are implemented using transistors, which act as electronic switches.

The most common types of logic gates are AND, OR, and NOT. An AND gate outputs a high signal (1) only if all its inputs are high. An OR gate outputs a high signal if at least one of its inputs is high. A NOT gate, also known as an inverter, outputs the opposite of its single input; if the input is high, the output is low, and vice versa.

Other important logic gates include NAND (NOT AND), NOR (NOT OR), XOR (exclusive OR), and XNOR (exclusive NOR). NAND and NOR gates are considered universal gates because any other logic gate can be constructed from a combination of NAND or NOR gates. XOR gates output a high signal only if an odd number of inputs are high.

Logic gates are the foundation of all digital computing and electronics. They are used to build more complex integrated circuits such as microprocessors, memory units, and control circuits. By combining these simple gates in intricate ways, engineers can create circuits that perform complex calculations, store data, and control the operation of digital devices. The behavior of logic gates is described by Boolean algebra, which provides a mathematical framework for analyzing and designing digital circuits.