Looduskapital

Looduskapital refers to the world's stock of natural assets, which includes geology, soil, air, water, and all living organisms. This natural capital provides goods and services that are essential for human well-being and economic activity. Examples of these services include the purification of air and water, climate regulation, pollination of crops, and the provision of food and raw materials.

The concept of natural capital recognizes that nature is not just a passive backdrop but an active provider of essential resources and functions. It is often viewed in terms of its ability to generate a flow of benefits over time. Sustainable management of natural capital is crucial because these resources are finite and can be depleted if not used responsibly.

The degradation of natural capital can lead to significant economic and social costs. For instance, deforestation can result in soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and reduced carbon sequestration, all of which have far-reaching consequences. Conversely, investing in natural capital, such as through reforestation or wetland restoration, can yield substantial returns in terms of ecosystem services and economic opportunities.

The valuation of natural capital is a complex and evolving field, with various approaches used to quantify its worth. These valuations help inform policy decisions and promote more sustainable practices by highlighting the economic importance of natural systems. Recognizing and managing natural capital is a cornerstone of sustainable development and ecological economics.