Longidoridae

Longidoridae is a family of obligate plant-parasitic nematodes. These nematodes are commonly known as dagger nematodes due to their prominent, hollow, spear-like stylet, which they use to feed on plant cells. They are characterized by their large size, often exceeding 2 mm in length, making them among the largest known soil nematodes. The stylet is a crucial diagnostic feature within the family.

These nematodes inhabit a wide range of soil environments globally, particularly in temperate and subtropical regions. They are typically found in the rhizosphere of various plant species, including agricultural crops, horticultural plants, and forest trees. Their feeding activity can cause significant damage to plant roots, leading to stunting, reduced yield, and increased susceptibility to other stresses and diseases.

A significant aspect of Longidoridae is their ability to transmit plant viruses. Many species act as vectors for nepoviruses (nematode-borne viruses), which can cause serious economic losses in agriculture. The transmission is persistent, meaning the virus remains infective within the nematode for its entire lifespan. Research into Longidoridae focuses on their biology, ecology, and their role in plant pathology to develop effective management strategies.