Longan

Longan (Dimocarpus longan) is a tropical fruit tree native to southern China and parts of Southeast Asia. The fruit, also called dragon eye for its translucent flesh surrounding a dark seed, is widely grown in warm subtropical and tropical regions.

The fruit is a small round to oval berry about 2-3 cm in diameter. It has a thin brown rind that is easily peeled away to reveal translucent white flesh. Inside is a single large, glossy brown seed. The flesh is sweet, juicy and lightly musky, somewhat similar to lychee but less floral.

Longan belongs to the family Sapindaceae and is closely related to lychee (Litchi chinensis) and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum). The fruit can be eaten fresh, dried, or canned. Dried longan is common in East Asian desserts and beverages.

Tree characteristics and cultivation: longan trees are evergreen and typically reach 8-15 meters in height. They prefer warm, humid climates, well-drained soils, and protection from frost. Pollination is by insects; some cultivars are self-fertile while others require cross-pollination. Commercial production occurs in China, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Australia; smaller but growing production exists in Hawaii and Florida.

Nutrition and uses: longan is a source of vitamin C, polyphenols and minerals such as potassium and iron; it is low in fat and calories. Besides eating fresh, longan is used in desserts, soups and beverages; dried longan is a popular snack and ingredient in traditional cuisines.