Lomonosovite

Lomonosovite is a rare mineral belonging to the lomonosovite group. It is a sodium, calcium, titanium, niobium, and silicate mineral with the chemical formula Na4Ca2(Ti,Nb)4(Si2O6)2(O,OH)2 · 4H2O. It is characterized by its distinct layered structure. Lomonosovite was first discovered in the Khibiny Massif on the Kola Peninsula in Russia and was named in honor of the Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov.

The mineral typically occurs as tabular crystals or in massive aggregates, often exhibiting a vitreous luster and colors ranging from yellow to brown. It is a relatively soft mineral, with a Mohs hardness typically around 4. Lomonosovite is found in association with other minerals in alkaline intrusive rocks, particularly in pegmatites. Its geological occurrence is limited, with significant deposits primarily found in the Khibiny and Lovozero Massifs.

The structure of lomonosovite features layers of titanium-niobium oxide octahedra interspersed with silicate chains and hydrated sodium and calcium cations. This complex structure contributes to its unique physical and chemical properties. Due to its rarity and specific occurrence, lomonosovite has limited industrial or economic applications, but it is of significant interest to mineralogists and geochemists for understanding the geological processes in alkaline rock environments.