Liuotusaine

Liuotusaine is Finnish for solvent. A solvent is a substance capable of dissolving another substance (the solute) to form a solution. Most solvents are liquids at room temperature, though solids and gases can act as solvents in certain systems. The choice of solvent depends on solubility, polarity, boiling point, toxicity, and compatibility with materials.

Common solvents include water, alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol, acetone, as well as organic solvents like toluene, xylene, hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, and diethyl ether. Solvents are often categorized as polar (water-mixable, such as alcohols and acetone) or nonpolar (alkanes and aromatics). Their properties, including polarity and boiling point, influence their suitability for specific applications, including dissolution of coatings, polymers, or dyes, and extraction processes.

Uses span many industries. They are essential in paint and coatings, cleaning and degreasing, polymer processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, laboratory analysis, extraction and chromatography, and in consumer products such as cleaners and cosmetics.

Safety and regulation are important considerations. Many solvents are flammable, toxic, or irritants and may pose inhalation or skin hazards. Proper ventilation, storage, and personal protective equipment are important. Many solvents are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to air pollution. Regulatory frameworks label hazards and govern handling, disposal, and reporting of releases.

Environmental impact includes potential persistence, toxicity to aquatic life, and risk of groundwater contamination. Used solvents are typically collected as hazardous waste and recycled or disposed of according to local regulations.