Lithodids

Lithodids are a family of crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Anomura, commonly known as king crabs. These marine decapod crustaceans are characterized by their robust, often spiny exoskeletons and their asymmetrical bodies. Unlike true crabs (Brachyura), king crabs have only three pairs of fully developed walking legs and a reduced fourth pair, which is often tucked beneath the carapace and used for grooming. Their abdomen is asymmetrical and often carried tucked under the thorax.

The distribution of lithodids is widespread, with many species found in the cold waters of the Northern Pacific and Southern Oceans. They inhabit a range of environments, from shallow coastal areas to deep-sea trenches. Their diet is varied and includes mollusks, other crustaceans, sea stars, and scavenged material. Lithodids play an important role in marine ecosystems as both predators and prey.

Economically, several species of lithodids are highly prized for their meat. The Alaskan king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) is one of the most commercially valuable crab species in the world. Other commercially important species include the red king crab, blue king crab, and golden king crab. Overfishing has led to significant population declines in some areas, prompting conservation efforts and management strategies to ensure the sustainability of these fisheries. Their unique morphology and ecological significance make them a fascinating group of crustaceans.