Lisäkilpirauhasvaikutuksia

Lisäkilpirauhasvaikutuksia refers to the effects and functions associated with the parathyroid glands. These are small glands located in the neck, usually behind the thyroid gland. Their primary role is to regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Parathyroid hormone plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. When blood calcium levels drop too low, the parathyroid glands release PTH. This hormone acts on several target organs to increase calcium levels. In the bones, PTH stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone tissue, releasing stored calcium into the bloodstream. In the kidneys, PTH promotes the reabsorption of calcium from the filtrate back into the blood, thus reducing calcium loss in urine. It also stimulates the kidneys to produce calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, which in turn enhances calcium absorption from the intestines.

Conversely, when blood calcium levels are too high, PTH secretion is suppressed, leading to decreased bone resorption, increased calcium excretion by the kidneys, and reduced calcitriol production, all of which help to lower blood calcium.

Disruptions in parathyroid gland function can lead to various conditions. Hyperparathyroidism, an overactive state, results in excessive PTH production, leading to hypercalcemia (high blood calcium). This can cause symptoms such as kidney stones, bone pain, fatigue, and cognitive issues. Hypoparathyroidism, an underactive state, leads to insufficient PTH production and hypocalcemia (low blood calcium). This can manifest as muscle cramps, spasms, tingling sensations, and in severe cases, seizures. Therefore, the proper functioning of the parathyroid glands is essential for maintaining overall metabolic balance and physiological health.