Lipstick

Lipstick is a cosmetic product applied to the lips to add color, shape, and texture, and sometimes to provide moisture or protection. It is typically sold as a solid or semi-solid stick, in a bullet inside a retractable tube, or as a pot for direct application.

Formulations vary in finish: cream, matte, satin, sheer, pearl, and gloss, as well as liquid lipsticks that dry to a film. Some are color-only, others include lip care ingredients such as humectants.

Common ingredients include waxes (beeswax, carnauba, candelilla), oils or butters (mineral oil, castor oil, shea), pigments (iron oxides, mica-based pigments, organic dyes), film-forming polymers, emulsifiers, fragrance or flavorings, and UV filters in some products.

History: Lip color has ancient roots in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and other cultures. In the modern era, lipstick became widely available in the early 20th century with standardized packaging and formulations, expanding shades and finishes through the mid-20th century to the present.

Safety and regulation: In many countries, cosmetics are regulated to limit contaminants and require approved color additives. In the United States, the FDA regulates colorants and labeling; manufacturers provide notices about potential allergens. Users are advised to perform patch tests and replace products after signs of spoilage.

Care and usage: Lipstick is typically applied with a finger, brush, or the built-in applicator, and can be layered with lip liner or lip balm. To prevent contamination, keep caps closed and do not share applicators; store away from heat.