Lingas

Lingam, plural lingams or lingas, is a symbolic representation of the Hindu deity Shiva. The Sanskrit word lingam means sign or emblem, and in Shaivism the lingam stands as a symbol of divine energy and the process of creation. In many traditions the linga is paired with a yoni base, forming the linga-yoni, which expresses the unity of masculine and feminine cosmic principles.

Lingams are typically cylindrical or elliptical forms, sometimes standing on a rounded base. They can be made from stone, metal, crystal, or other materials. Lingams are found throughout Hindu temple complexes and in home shrines. The ritual worship (abhishekam) of the lingam involves bathing with water, milk, honey, or other liquids, applying sandalwood paste and bilva leaves, and offering flowers, rice, or other items. Devotees commonly recite Shiva mantras, such as Om Namah Shivaya.

In iconography, the lingam appears in various forms, including narratives like Lingodbhava, which depicts Shiva as an endless pillar of light transcending other deities. The lingam is central to the practice of the yoni-linga pairing, symbolizing creation, fertility, and the sustaining force of the universe.

Across India and in the Hindu world, lingams are integral to Shaivism, with many temples and pilgrimage sites venerating ancient or prominent lingams. The term is used in scholarly and devotional contexts to refer to this emblematic representation of Shiva and his cosmic energies.