Lilavati

Lilavati is a significant work in the history of Indian mathematics, attributed to the renowned mathematician Bhaskara II, also known as Bhaskaracharya. Composed in 1150 CE, it is the first volume of his larger work, Siddhanta Shiromani, meaning "Crown of Treatises." Unlike other mathematical texts that often focus purely on abstract concepts, Lilavati is notable for its pedagogical approach, presenting mathematical problems through verse and often framing them within engaging narrative scenarios. This made the complex subject matter more accessible and appealing to students.

The text covers a wide range of arithmetic and elementary algebra topics. These include number systems, arithmetic operations, progressions (both arithmetic and geometric), geometry (including areas and volumes of various shapes), and even elementary applications of algebra. A key feature of Lilavati is its use of word problems, many of which are still studied today for their ingenuity and the clarity with which they illustrate mathematical principles. Some of the famous problems involve calculating quantities of objects, determining ages, and solving puzzles related to division and multiplication.

Bhaskara II intended Lilavati not just as a theoretical treatise but as a practical guide. The name "Lilavati" itself is believed to be derived from the name of Bhaskara's daughter, and legend suggests the book was written to help her with calculations. While the historical accuracy of this tale is debated, it underscores the book's emphasis on clear explanation and practical application, making it a cornerstone of Indian mathematical literature.