Bhaskaras

Bhaskara, also known as Bhaskaracharya, was a prominent Indian mathematician and astronomer who lived in the 12th century. He is renowned for his significant contributions to mathematics, particularly in the fields of algebra and calculus.

Bhaskara's most famous work is the Siddhanta Shiromani, a comprehensive treatise on mathematics and astronomy. This work is divided into four parts: Lilavati, Bijaganita, Gola, and Graha Ganita. Lilavati, the first part, deals with arithmetic, geometry, and mensuration, often presented in the form of problems and elegant solutions. Bijaganita, the second part, is a foundational text on algebra, introducing concepts such as indeterminate equations and negative numbers.

In Lilavati, Bhaskara explored various arithmetical concepts including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions, and square and cube roots. He also discussed problems related to ratios, proportions, and series. His work demonstrated a deep understanding of number theory and laid the groundwork for future mathematical advancements in India.

Bhaskara's work in astronomy, particularly in Gola (spherical astronomy) and Graha Ganita (mathematics of the planets), included detailed studies of planetary motion, eclipses, and celestial spheres. He developed astronomical models and calculations that were remarkably accurate for his time. His contributions significantly advanced the understanding of the cosmos in ancient India.