Lihasskeletin

Lihasskeletin, or the musculoskeletal system, is the organ system that provides structure, mobility, and protection for the body. It consists of bones (the osseous skeleton), skeletal muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and related connective tissues.

The skeleton forms the framework of the body, with bones connected by joints and stabilized by ligaments. Muscles attach to bones via tendons and produce movement when they contract. Cartilage cushions joints, while tendons and ligaments transmit force and stabilize movement. Bone tissue stores minerals and contains bone marrow, which produces blood cells.

Functions of the system include supporting the body's shape and posture, enabling voluntary movement, protecting vital organs (such as the skull protecting the brain and the rib cage protecting the heart and lungs), and storing minerals. Bone marrow carries out hematopoiesis, and bones interact with the endocrine and immune systems through various signaling pathways.

Development and aging: bones grow in length during childhood at growth plates and remodel continually throughout life. Physical activity and nutrition influence bone density and muscle strength. With aging, bone density can decrease (osteopenia or osteoporosis) and muscle mass and strength can decline (sarcopenia), increasing fracture and mobility risks.

Common conditions and injuries affecting the lihasskeletin include fractures, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, tendinopathies, and muscle strains. Diagnosis typically involves imaging and physical examination. Treatments range from physical therapy and medications to surgical interventions or implants when necessary. Prevention emphasizes regular weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, balanced nutrition, and measures to reduce injury risk.