Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein is a sovereign, landlocked microstate in the Alps of Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east. It covers about 160 square kilometers and has a population of around 39,000. The capital is Vaduz, and the largest municipality is Schaan. The official language is German, with local dialects widely spoken.

Geography and landscape: The country is highly mountainous, with the Alps dominating its terrain, and the Rhine forming the western border with Switzerland. The highest point is the Grauspitz, at 2,599 meters. The alpine climate and scenery support tourism, finance, and a small but diverse manufacturing sector.

Government and politics: Liechtenstein is a constitutional monarchy headed by Prince Hans-Adam II, with his son Alois acting as regent since 2004. The government includes a premier and a 25-member Landtag elected by proportional representation. In 2003, a constitutional referendum expanded the prince’s powers, though parliament remains central to lawmaking and governance.

Economy and society: Liechtenstein has a highly developed, high-income economy with a strong financial services sector and a manufacturing base that includes precision instruments and tools, notably the Hilti Group in Schaan. The country uses the Swiss franc and maintains close economic ties with Switzerland, including membership in EFTA and Schengen.

Culture and landmarks: The country has high living standards, with free education and a skilled workforce. It is known for cultural institutions such as the Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein and the Liechtenstein National Museum, and for landmarks like Vaduz Castle and the Prince’s Palace. Tourism and cross-border commerce help sustain the economy.